This dynasty included nine kings who ruled over to 150 years. It started with king Userkaf who is said to have ruled Egypt according to a prophecy appeared during the time of Khufu and was recorded in a papyrus dating to the Middle Kingdom named Westcar papyrus. The papyrus claimed that the off springs successors of Ra priests, starting with Userkaf, would rule Egypt after the off springs of Khufu. Userkaf used the prophecy as propaganda to legitimize his rule. This change resulted in the construction of the pyramids of the Fifth Dynasty to Saqqara and Abusir as well as the emergence of a new religious development namely the solar cult. As a result of this cult, a new type of temples appear known as sun temples. Also a new religious development known as Pyramid Texts appeared. These were a group of spells to protect the dead king during his ascension to the sky and his journey in the afterlife. The texts were carved for the first time in the ceiling of the burial chamber of King Unas, the last king of the Dynasty. One of the famous persons in this dynasty is the vizier Ptahhotep who lived during the reign of king Djedkara and gained fame for his influential teaching on the society and ancient Egyptian literature. (the so- called the teaching of Ptahhotep )
